How do I duplicate a card while transferring it's data to a different note

I agree with @cqg - the best way to do this would not be to create different notes for each Question type (Korean → English, English → Korean etc.), but to create multiple card types within a single note type.

For e.g., lets say your first Field is called “Korean”, your second field is called “English”, your third field is called “Korean_spoken”. The direction in your first card type is Korean → English, the direction of your second card type is going to be English → Korean, and the third is going to be Korean_spoken → English.

To do this, go to “Browse” in the Main Window of Anki and click on one of the respective cards that you already made, which only has one of the directions you mentioned. Then click on the “cards…” button (between the “Fields…” and “Preview” button). Then click on “Options” > “Add Card Type…”. In this new card type, copy {{Korean}} from the Front Template to the Back Template and {{English}} from the Back Template to the Front Template. Then click on save. Repeat this whole procedure for your third card type. If the “Korean_spoken” field is not already present on the Front Template or the Back Template, you can add it by clicking on “Add Field” after you created the new card type.

To create different decks for these cards you can either create regular decks and put all the cards of one card type in each of the decks or create multiple custom filtered decks, and filter based on the name of the respective card type. I’ve described in this other reply how to do this: Tagging only specific card types within a note? - #2 by Hildeguard