Apt / snap
Ubuntu’s / Debian’s repository (ie. where apt fetches packages) have no up-to-date versions of Anki, so installing with apt is impossible.
On the other hand, snap has more recent version (2.1.49, while the current stable is 2.1.53 I think), but it is named anki-ppd. That package used to keep up with Anki’s pace since 2.1.49, but now it hasn’t updated for a few weeks. I don’t know if the maintainer is just slow (maybe they went on holiday or something), or if they just dropped support.
Pip
pip is not a package manager, and even though some people may like it for managing Python dependencies, as a package manager it is inferior to snap or apt. I would not recommend installing via pip unless everything else fails.
Linux binary
This is exactly why you would use a package manager in the first place, however when you decide to install a package by hand, you are forced do some system administration (which requires doing them as root) yourself, hence the sudo. In this case, you should not really worry about it as I assume Anki’s installer knows what it does. In general, when you install packages, there are two ways to install them: either system-wide, or only for yourself. If you do a system-wide installation, you’ll always need to do it as root, and since most installer’s only available method of installation is system-wide, there is no real way around sudo. This is done because usually it is expected that packages are managed system-wide. Installing packages only for a user is, I would say, a more advanced Linux operation.
Other solutions
Turns out there are other package managers that are distribution-agnostic, besides snap, which do package the latest version of Anki. I can think of two: flatpak and nix (beware that NixOS is a Linux distribution based on nix; the package manager is called just nix). Currently flatpak has packaged version 2.1.54, while nix has packaged 2.1.52 (under the name anki-bin), but in general nix and flatpak update their Anki package approximately at the same pace, and they are both actively maintained.
If you don’t know them but still would like to give either a try, the main difference between them is that flatpak is the more popular choice, and it’s also easier to use. Flatpak is very similar in usage to apt or snap. Nix, on the other hand, has considerably more advanced features, but is also harder to use and has poor documentation. It is quite different from the other mentioned package managers since you usually don’t install packages with a command such as package-manager install the-package, but it is possible to do so.