It was a while ago since I noticed that my review flow had become abnormally repetitive, but only today did I find there are card of the same content in a single deck, with the same note id and same card type.
There was a similar topic mentioning the same problem but the replies weren’t quite helpful…
This might not be exactly a bug since I also messed it around with syncthing and other unintentional tools/addons, but I wonder how could I remove these duplicate cards?