I managed to complete all of the troubleshooting steps on 23.12 beta 3 (macOS 14.2 arm).
You can recreate the error by starting anki (shift being pressed makes no difference), and pressing the browse button from the top bar.
I tried compiling anki from GitHub and this behaviour gives the following log:
[64856:259:1219/154019.979846:ERROR:mach_port_rendezvous.cc(311)] bootstrap_look_up org.chromium.Chromium.MachPortRendezvousServer.1: Permission denied (1100)
[64856:259:1219/154019.980120:ERROR:child_thread_impl.cc(230)] Mach rendezvous failed, terminating process (parent died?)
Hope this helps