There was a Qt issue that was causing this, but it was fixed in 2023.
There was another recent post about this, but it had a lucky fix.
But it sounds like that hasn’t worked for you!
From my questions/suggestions in that other thread, it sounds like you’ve touched on most of them already.
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Do you have any external 3rd-party apps running on your Mac that might be changing keybinds/shortcuts? [Or is that what Karabiner Elements is?
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You said “my keyboard language matches the preference window” – but what keyboard language are you using? Is it something other than English/International-QWERTY?
Otherwise, we might need to see if that 2023 fix has somehow been un-fixed.