I actually had the exact same problem as well.
https://forums.ankiweb.net/t/degree-upgreek-gensymb-latex-packages-not-working-in-anki-study-mode-only-in-preview/26990
I also had complications with my MikeTex installation, and I don’t really know how I solved it; and also, that preview only works for Mathjax, which is different from LaTeX, as I got to know in the link.
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