You might want to try restoring the Mac OS system fonts installed on your computer. Sometimes these fonts get corrupted, and restoring them fixes the issue:
Open the Font Book app. (It comes pre-installed on Macs.)
Font Bar menu > Settings… > Advanced > Reset Fonts
Thank you for your answer. The standard fonts work in other programs I use. Therefore, I have two questions: 1. Why should I do this? 2. If I do this, will all my custom fonts be removed?
Restoring fonts is just something to try because doing so has fixed similar issues in the past: 1, 2.
Yes, all your custom fonts will be uninstalled and moved into a separate folder. You would have to re-install them. Please see the Font Book User Guide page I previously linked for more information about this.
Edit: Added:
You might also want to try updating the OS to see if that might help. (If the problem is a corrupted system font, updating the OS might also update the font files, fixing the issue as a side effect.) I note that there have been a few OS updates released since Tahoe 26.3.1.