There is a rather advanced implementation that might solve your issue. @hkr included their template during a related discussion here.
This lets you create any number of fields on a note, that are then randomized. If I understood you correctly, this should be able to do what you want: Show one of however many cards randomly and if you fail that card, “all the cards” are rescheduled.
Note: I’m saying “all the cards” because in reality Anki would only consider this JS randomization part of a single card, so of course it has “the same scheduling”.
For instance, I’m using it for grammar cards using cloze deletions. That way, I’m forced to actually remember the grammatical concept instead of the example phrases. Added bonus that it reduces my reviews significantly.
This is not a turnkey solution! To get your desired behavior, you have to be at least somewhat familiar with how Anki, HTML and JS work - and probably tinker around a bit too.