I don’t think you can in AnkiDroid. “Position” is a newly added column, and it’s of limited usefulness. For New cards, you can see already see their New-queue position in the “Due” column. [To sort by that – 3-dots menu > Change display order > “By due time”.]
I think it’s unlikely that a “Position”-column sort will be added to the current interface, since the developers are in the process of updating the Card browser to add support for things like multiple columns and improved sorting and filtering.