When pasting into mathjax blocks, the block becomes un-rendered texts. Even removing the pasted parts doesn’t fix the problem. This is best demonstrated using a video clip.
This can be fixed by copying the problematic block into a plain text editor, say Textastic, and then copying it back into Anki. I’m suspecting the issue is related how copy & paste in iOS preserve text styling as rich texts.
That would be a nice feature to have in the future. In the mean time, maybe the remove formatting button, or switching to HTML mode first with ‘</ >’ could be used to work around the problem?