You’re getting that sync failure on your phone because the updated app moved the check for an oversized collection earlier in the syncing process. Prior to that fix, sync was sometimes too generous in allowing incremental changes when a collection was over the limit.
You might not be getting the error on other devices yet, but they will have the same problem, because your collection is more than double the collection-size limit. Where to look for the problem, and what to do when you find it: Constant Errors Uploading / Sync - #4 by Danika_Dakika .