The key has to be a string, this should work for example:
Front
var rand1 = Math.random();
var rand2 = Math.random();
Persistence.setItem("rand1", rand1);
Persistence.setItem("rand2", rand2);
/* Do something with these numbers ... */
Back
var rand1 = Persistence.getItem("rand1");
var rand2 = Persistence.getItem("rand2");
/* Do same thing with these numbers ... */